India is finalizing a $2 billion deal to lease a nuclear-powered submarine from Russia, marking a significant step in defense ties amidst geopolitical shifts. The agreement, culminating after prolonged negotiations, will allow India to enhance its naval capabilities and train personnel in operating nuclear submarines, with delivery expected within two years. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s efforts to bolster strategic autonomy in the face of U.S. pressures highlight India’s balanced defense relationships, maintaining strong ties with Russia while diversifying its arms procurement. The leased submarine will not be used in combat but will support India’s ongoing nuclear deterrent strategy as it continues to build its indigenous capabilities in nuclear submarines.