Russia is enhancing the S-400 Triumf air defense system by incorporating lessons learned from the Ukraine conflict, focusing on countering evolving aerial threats such as drones and precision-guided munitions. This upgrade is notably significant for India, which is set to receive the remaining two regiments of the S-400, now equipped with improved radar capabilities, enhanced missile options, and greater mobility, reinforcing its layered air defense posture. The recent Operation Sindoor showcased the effective operational synergy between the S-400 and India’s BrahMos missile system, demonstrating India’s increasing military sophistication, as it successfully neutralized Pakistani aircraft at unprecedented ranges. Russian analyst Alexei Mikhailov Petrenko affirmed the S-400’s impressive performance during this operation, affirming its capabilities in long-range engagements, which significantly impacted Pakistan’s air superiority and strategic calculus. These developments illustrate a transformative phase in India’s defense capabilities, highlighting the integration of advanced imported technologies with indigenous assets to create a formidable deterrent and response mechanism against regional threats.