Terrorism and Counterterrorism

Ghazwa-e-Hind: A Dangerous Ideology Fueling Pakistan's Hostility †

Pakistan’s push to elevate the “Ghazwa‑e‑Hind” idea from fringe propaganda to mainstream talking point is driving more radicalization at home, scaring off allies abroad, and setting the stage for deeper instability. The slogan has long been used by jihadist groups to frame conflict with India as a holy war, and its revival in 2024–2025 has merged religious prophecy with state‑level rhetoric in ways that shut down diplomacy and invite tougher global scrutiny. In mid‑April 2025, Army Chief Gen. Asim Munir publicly stressed the Two‑Nation Theory and urged teaching children the “differences” between Hindus and Muslims, a signal that overlaps with clerical messaging and risks legitimizing sectarian mobilization. This narrative is bad for Pakistan because it reduces complex politics to a civilizational struggle, energizes militants who then challenge the state’s authority, and alienates partners needed for economic support and security cooperation. As militant narratives recast incidents as religious war while denouncing the state for compromise, Pakistan faces a feedback loop: harsher external reactions, fewer diplomatic off‑ramps, and more room for extremists. In such a spiral, governance frays, violence spreads, and the line between state and radical actors blurs—conditions that push a polarized society toward anarchy.

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