India has achieved self-reliance in space transportation systems, enabling launches of satellites up to 10 tonnes to Low Earth Orbit and 4.2 tonnes to Geo-Synchronous Transfer Orbit, as stated by Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh in a Lok Sabha reply on December 17, 2025. The operational success of ISRO’s PSLV, GSLV, and LVM3 has ensured independent access for earth observation, communication, navigation, and exploration missions, while the approved Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) will boost payload capacity to 30 tonnes in LEO. Reusable technologies, including a partially reusable NGLV variant with 14-tonne LEO capability and a winged upper stage for runway landing, alongside advanced propulsion like semi-cryogenic and methane-based engines, align with ‘Make in India’ to cut costs and enhance sustainability. The Gaganyaan human spaceflight programme remains on track for its first crewed mission in 2027-28, with extensive human-rating tests completed and uncrewed missions nearing launch. These strides from December 2020-2025, including 22 satellite launches, bolster India’s national security and global space stature.