IISc-Bangalore and C-MET Hyderabad have been recognized as Centres of Excellence under India’s National Critical Mineral Mission, enhancing the country’s indigenous research capabilities in critical minerals crucial for clean energy, defense, and advanced electronics. This initiative aims to establish a self-reliant high-technology supply chain by developing advanced processing methods and promoting sustainable recycling of materials like lithium and rare earth elements. With a collaborative hub-and-spoke model involving various academic and industrial partners, the mission seeks to strengthen India’s position in the global market for critical materials. This strategic move underlines India’s commitment to technological sovereignty and sustainable development, ensuring resource security for defense platforms and renewable energy systems.