Fresh analysis of Chandrayaan-3’s RAMBHA-LP data released by ISRO on 9 December 2025 shows that the Moon’s south polar surface hosts a much more active electrical environment than earlier thought, strengthening India’s case for long-term operations near the lunar pole. Using the Radio Anatomy of the Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere – Langmuir Probe on the Vikram lander, scientists examined measurements taken near Shiv Shakti Point (69.3° S, 32.3° E) between 23 August and 3 September 2023, following the historic landing on 23 August 2023. The study reports near-surface electron densities of about 380–600 electrons per cubic centimetre and electron temperatures of roughly 3,000–8,000 Kelvin, significantly exceeding earlier remote-sensing estimates from higher altitudes. ISRO said the plasma is driven mainly by the solar wind and photoelectric charging, and is further modulated when the Moon traverses Earth’s magnetotail, creating a constantly changing electrical environment that will affect communications, charging of landers and habitats, and dust behaviour around future south polar bases.​