Vietnam is nearing the completion of its extensive militarization of all 21 outposts in the contested Spratly Islands, significantly enhancing its defensive capabilities amid rising tensions with China. This development includes fortified structures, munitions depots, and an 8,000-foot runway on Barque Canada Reef, reflecting Vietnam’s ‘active defense’ doctrine aimed at countering Chinese maritime aggression. The transformation is crucial for regional stability, as it challenges China’s growing influence, which has included the establishment of military installations across the South China Sea. India’s interest in this evolving security dynamic is heightened, as Vietnam’s efforts bolster maritime partnerships and contribute to a balanced Indo-Pacific strategy, enhancing collective resilience against coercion in the region.