Following the successful operational deployment of the S-400 Triumf air defence systems by the Indian Air Force, Russia has indicated a readiness to engage in discussions regarding the export of its next-generation S-500 Prometey missile defence system to India. This advanced system, capable of intercepting multiple ballistic threats at ranges up to 600 km, represents a significant upgrade over the S-400’s capabilities. During the upcoming India-Russia summit on December 4, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and his Russian counterpart Andrey Belousov are expected to review ongoing defence cooperation, which includes India’s interest in acquiring additional S-400 squadrons. Although India has previously shown limited interest in the S-500, the potential for technology transfer and the system’s proven hypersonic threat capabilities could influence India’s strategic decisions amidst a diversified air-defence portfolio. The discussions underscore the importance of the Indo-Russian defence relationship against a backdrop of global security challenges and shifting geopolitical dynamics.