Pakistan and Afghanistan are engaged in their second round of peace talks in Istanbul, Turkey, following a truce agreed upon on October 19, 2025, in Doha, Qatar, where both sides committed to an immediate ceasefire after violent border clashes earlier that month. The discussions, which began on October 25 and continued into October 26, focus on establishing a joint monitoring mechanism to curb cross-border militant movement, ensuring respect for sovereignty, and addressing issues like trade and refugee repatriation. Pakistan’s Defence Minister Khawaja Muhammad Asif issued a stern warning that failure to reach a lasting peace agreement could lead to “open war” between the two countries. He expressed hope, however, that Afghanistan desires peace. The recent clashes have resulted in numerous casualties and the closure of key border crossings, severely impacting trade. The peace talks are mediated by Qatar and Turkey, aiming to consolidate the ceasefire and prevent further escalation of hostilities, which is critical given the regional security implications and long-standing tensions fueled by militant sanctuaries across the border. India views these efforts cautiously, given the broader security environment in South Asia.