Russia has proposed to equip the Indian Navy’s submarine fleet with the 3M-14E Kalibr-PL land-attack cruise missile system, offering a rapid enhancement of deep-strike capabilities up to 1,500 km without extensive refits. This modular system is viewed as an interim solution while India’s indigenous Submarine-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM) matures, allowing the ageing Kilo-class submarines to extend their operational effectiveness. The integration of Kalibr-PL would significantly bolster India’s deterrent capabilities against regional adversaries, particularly in light of evolving security dynamics in the Indian Ocean region. As the Indian Navy evaluates the Project 75I tender, the urgency for such enhancements underscores the strategic importance of maintaining robust maritime defense capabilities.