The Indian Army’s ambitious Multi-Caliber Individual Weapon System (MCIWS) aimed to revolutionize small arms by allowing soldiers to switch between calibers with ease, but the project was ultimately shelved due to complex requirements and procurement challenges. Though it never entered service, the MCIWS showcased DRDO’s innovative capabilities and influenced subsequent Indian rifle designs by incorporating advanced features like a short-stroke gas piston mechanism. Despite its cancellation, the MCIWS highlighted the potential for India to foster indigenous small arms technology and may inspire future developments in line with the government’s push for self-reliance in defense manufacturing.