India’s Project-76 submarine program is poised to enhance naval capabilities with a larger 2,500-ton design featuring Vertical Launch System (VLS) and Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) integration. This initiative signifies a major leap from the Kalvari-class submarines and emphasizes indigenous development under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative, aiming to reduce dependence on foreign technology. With a projected investment of $12-13 billion for 12 submarines, the program allows the Indian Navy full design ownership, fostering future advancements, potentially including nuclear-powered submarines. The strategic urgency of this project is amplified by previous delays in Project-75I, emphasizing India’s commitment to self-reliance in defense capabilities.