India is advancing its air defense capabilities through Project Kusha, which includes the development of an indigenous long-range surface-to-air missile system, particularly the M3 missile, designed to surpass Russia’s S-400 40N6E missile. With a range of 350-400 km and an operational altitude exceeding 200 km, the M3 aims to counter tactical ballistic missiles and enhance India’s missile technology stature globally. Testing for the M1, M2, and M3 variants will commence in 2026, 2027, and 2028, respectively, under the broader Mission Sudarshan Chakra, which seeks to establish a multi-layered defense shield by 2035. This strategic initiative highlights India’s commitment to self-reliance in defense technology and aims to reduce reliance on foreign systems while bolstering national security against regional threats, particularly from adversaries like China and Pakistan. Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan emphasized that this shield will integrate various capabilities, including advanced sensors and missile systems, and employ both hard and soft kill options. Overall, Project Kusha represents a significant leap in India’s defense capabilities, ensuring robust protection for vital civilian and strategic areas while positioning the country as a leader in missile defense technology.