The Indian Navy plans to retire its Shishumar-class submarines starting in 2030, transitioning to a modern fleet with the induction of advanced vessels under Project 75I and Project 75. This move addresses critical maritime deterrence gaps in light of China’s expanding submarine capabilities. The Shishumar submarines, operational since the 1980s, will initially be repurposed for training before full decommissioning. Upcoming projects include six AIP-equipped submarines under Project 75I, with significant indigenous participation and advanced features, along with additional Kalvari-class boats to maintain operational readiness. By 2035, the Navy aims to enhance its conventional submarine strength significantly, ensuring robust defense capabilities in the Indian Ocean Region.