India and Russia are collaborating to upgrade the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile, enhancing its speed from Mach 3 to Mach 4.5 while maintaining its effective range of 450-800 km. This initiative, led by BrahMos Aerospace with significant contributions from India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation, aims to keep the missile ahead of modern air defenses, as demonstrated in recent military operations that effectively neutralized key Pakistani airbases. The upgrade includes advanced materials and dual-mode ramjet-scramjet technology to improve performance and reduce interception windows. Anticipated ground testing in the next 2-3 years could see the enhanced missile operational by the early 2030s, bolstering India’s strike capabilities and positioning BrahMos for further international sales, reinforcing India’s defense posture in a complex geopolitical landscape.