India’s decision to not accept Japan’s IHI XF9-1 turbofan engine for its Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) has raised eyebrows in defense circles. Although the XF9-1 boasts impressive specifications and aligns with India’s self-reliance goals, significant integration challenges, including its larger size and potential redesign requirements, played a crucial role in the decision. France’s Safran ultimately secured the contract with a bespoke engine that fits the AMCA’s existing design with minimal adjustments, promising a quicker development timeline and full technology transfer. This move not only highlights strategic choices in engine selection but also underscores India’s commitment to achieving indigenous defense capabilities while mitigating risks associated with reliance on external partners, ensuring the AMCA is poised for timely induction into service by 2035.