India is in advanced talks with Russia to acquire long-range R-37M and medium-range R-77M air-to-air missiles for the Indian Air Force’s Sukhoi Su-30MKI fleet, aiming to bridge current operational gaps in beyond-visual-range (BVR) combat capabilities. The R-37M missile, with a hypersonic speed and a range of 300-400 km, alongside the upgraded R-77M with a 190 km range, will significantly extend the IAF’s aerial strike envelope against strategic threats from China and Pakistan. These missiles, proposed by Russia at Aero India 2025, include possibilities for local production under the “Make in India” initiative, enhancing India’s defence manufacturing autonomy. Integration of these systems complements ongoing Su-30MKI modernization efforts, including new radars and avionics, ensuring the IAF maintains its regional air dominance amid evolving security challenges. This strategic partnership underlines India’s commitment to fast-track capability upgrades while indigenous missile development continues.