India and Brazil signed a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on December 9, 2025, in Rio de Janeiro during Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi’s official visit from December 9 to 12. The agreement, inked by Admiral Tripathi, Brazilian Navy Commander Admiral Marcos Sampaio Olsen, and Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) Chairman Capt Jagmohan, targets exchange of information, expertise, and best practices for Scorpene-class submarine maintenance, logistics, training, and life-cycle support. Both nations operate these vessels—India with six and Brazil with four—built in collaboration with France’s Naval Group. The MoU enhances operational readiness, boosts joint defence R&D, technological innovation, and industrial ties, following a November 2025 visit by a 40-member Brazilian Naval War College delegation to India. It aligns with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s July 2025 Brazil visit, where he and President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva outlined a decade-long strategic roadmap emphasizing defence and security pillars, including military exchanges and joint exercises.