Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL) is in discussions with the Vietnam Peoples Navy (VPN) to refit their six Kilo-class submarines, highlighting HSL’s expertise in submarine maintenance and its strategic role in enhancing bilateral defense ties. This initiative aims to modernize key systems, ensuring the submarines’ operational effectiveness amid regional maritime challenges. HSL’s successful history with Indian Navy submarines and its recent collaborations position it as a competitive player in the Southeast Asian defense market. This collaboration not only reinforces India’s influence in the Indo-Pacific but also showcases its commitment to supporting regional allies in strengthening their naval capabilities.