The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is developing a new reactor for the Indian Navy’s next-generation S-5 class nuclear submarines, set to significantly enhance their endurance by generating 200 MWe, compared to the current 83 MWe of INS Arihant and INS Arighaat. This advancement is crucial as it aligns with India’s strategic focus on bolstering its nuclear triad amid increasing Chinese maritime capabilities. The new reactor will improve operational capabilities, allowing for extended submergence and survivability in a second-strike scenario. Furthermore, BARC is also working on various small modular reactors and technologies for clean hydrogen production, highlighting India’s commitment to advancing its nuclear and energy sectors. This initiative underscores the importance of maintaining a robust defense posture in an evolving geopolitical landscape.