The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is advancing India’s naval capabilities by developing a 200-MW nuclear reactor to power the next-generation S-5 class ballistic missile submarines and Project-77 nuclear attack submarines. This reactor, which more than doubles the output of the existing Arihant-class submarines’ 83-MW reactors, is designed to enhance India’s strategic deterrence and operational flexibility amid rising geopolitical tensions, particularly with China’s expanding naval power. The S-5 SSBNs will significantly bolster India’s sea-based nuclear triad, while the Project-77 SSNs will offer critical offensive capabilities. This initiative underscores India’s commitment to self-reliance in defense technology and ensures that the Indian Navy remains competitive in the Indo-Pacific region.