The Ministry of Communications has enacted the Telecommunications (Telecom Cyber Security) Amendment Rules, 2025, implementing a framework to enhance India’s telecom infrastructure against cyber threats and fraud. Central to these amendments is the establishment of a Mobile Number Validation (MNV) Platform, requiring Telecommunication Identifier User Entities (TIUEs) to verify user mobile numbers against official records, which could significantly impact compliance costs for digital businesses. While the government aims to bolster cybersecurity and mitigate identity fraud, concerns have been raised about privacy implications and operational burdens on smaller companies. This regulatory shift underscores the balance between security and compliance, highlighting the need for robust cybersecurity measures in India’s rapidly digitalizing economy.