India has successfully tested the K-4 submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) from its indigenously developed nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, INS Arihant, in the Bay of Bengal, with an impressive range of 3,500 km. This test, which has yet to be officially confirmed by the Ministry of Defence, underscores India’s strategic deterrence capabilities and enhances its second-strike capability while aligning with its “No First Use” doctrine. The K-4 missile, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation, features advanced navigation systems that ensure high accuracy and enhanced survivability against adversary missile defences. The successful launch marks a significant milestone in India’s sea-based nuclear deterrent, reinforcing its operational maturity and continuous at-sea deterrence posture amid regional tensions. As India’s submarine fleet expands with the commissioning of the second Arihant-class vessel, INS Arighaat, and plans for the third, INS Aridhaman, the K-4’s capabilities solidify India’s strategic position in South and Southeast Asia, emphasizing the importance of maintaining credible minimum deterrence in the face of evolving geopolitical challenges.