President Droupadi Murmu granted assent to the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Bill on December 20, 2025, following its passage by Parliament during the Winter Session. The legislation repeals the Atomic Energy Act of 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act of 2010, establishing a unified framework that permits private companies and joint ventures to build, own, operate, and decommission nuclear power plants under government licenses, ending the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd’s monopoly in operations. It grants statutory status to the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board for enhanced safety oversight, radiation protection, and enforcement, while capping operator liability based on reactor capacity—up to ₹3,000 crore for plants over 3,600 MW thermal power—and creating a Nuclear Liability Fund for excess claims up to 300 million Special Drawing Rights. Government retains control over fissile materials, uranium/thorium mining, spent fuel reprocessing, and heavy water production. The move supports India’s goal of 100 gigawatts nuclear capacity by 2047 from the current 8.78 gigawatts, aiding clean energy needs for growth in AI, quantum computing, and industry amid opposition concerns on privatization risks and compensation limits.