During the 23rd India-Russia Annual Summit held in New Delhi, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Vladimir Putin reaffirmed their commitment to bolster bilateral defense cooperation by promoting joint manufacturing of military hardware and spare parts in India under the Make-in-India initiative. This strategic partnership aims to address long-standing challenges related to the timely supply of critical components for Russian-origin defense systems while enhancing India’s self-reliance in defense production. The discussions also encompassed the co-development and co-production of advanced defense technologies, with an emphasis on setting up joint ventures to cater to the needs of the Indian Armed Forces and facilitate subsequent exports to friendly nations. In addition to defense collaboration, both leaders underscored the importance of countering terrorism through enhanced cooperation and coordination between their respective countries, reflecting a shared commitment to address global security challenges. This collaboration signifies a deepening of the historical ties between India and Russia, positioning both nations to leverage their partnership for mutual security and technological advancement.