India and Russia are advancing their defense collaboration with plans to jointly overhaul 100 Su-30MKI fighters to a Super Sukhoi standard, separate from the indigenous upgrade by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). This modernization effort is part of a broader initiative that includes the acquisition of over 300 R-37 long-range air-to-air missiles and advanced air defense systems like the S-400 and S-500, enhancing India’s aerial combat capabilities. The dual-track upgrade strategy ensures that while HAL focuses on indigenous improvements, Russian assistance provides advanced technologies that strengthen the Indian Air Force’s operational readiness and longevity of its fleet. Furthermore, discussions during President Putin’s recent visit to India emphasize the importance of these projects in maintaining India’s technological edge in the region, reinforcing its military deterrent capabilities amidst evolving security dynamics. This cooperation aligns with India’s strategic objective of modernizing military hardware and enhancing defense partnerships, crucial for addressing contemporary and future threats across its borders.