Recent satellite imagery and geospatial intelligence have revealed that China is constructing at least two advanced surface-to-air missile (SAM) sites near its border with India in the Tibet Autonomous Region. These sites, located near Pangong Lake and Gar County close to the Line of Actual Control (LAC), feature hardened shelters with retractable roofs, enabling missiles to be fired from protected bunkers. This design enhances concealment and reduces vulnerability to air strikes by allowing transporter-erector-launchers to operate undercover. The facilities host China’s long-range HQ-9 SAM systems along with command centers, radar installations, munitions storage, and barracks. Satellite images captured from August to September 2025 show the rapid progress of these sites, marking a significant upgrade in China’s air defense capabilities along the LAC. These developments reflect Beijing’s intent to strengthen its military posture in the strategically sensitive region, close to Indian assets such as the upgraded Nyoma airfield. This buildup follows repeated border tensions, including the 2020 Galwan clashes, signaling China’s ongoing militarization efforts and posing strategic challenges for India’s northern defense planning.