On October 25, 2025, in Hanoi, Vietnam, 65 United Nations member countries signed the landmark UN Convention against Cybercrime, marking the first global treaty aimed at combating a broad spectrum of cybercrimes, including ransomware, phishing, online trafficking, and the non-consensual sharing of intimate images. Adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 2024 after five years of negotiations initiated by Russia in 2017, the treaty provides a comprehensive legal framework for international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting cyber offenses. It facilitates electronic evidence sharing and establishes a 24/7 network to strengthen collective defenses against cybercrime. Secretary-General António Guterres hailed the signing as a historic milestone, underscoring the need for a connected global response to curb digital threats that damage economies and societies. Despite the treaty’s strong support, civil rights groups and major tech firms voiced concerns about vague definitions that could enable state surveillance and misuse of data, especially against dissenters. India supported provisions recognizing negligence in protecting sensitive data as a criminal offense, aligning with its cybersecurity priorities. The treaty will enter into force once ratified by 40 states, reflecting a critical step for nations, including India, to jointly confront rising digital threats in an interconnected world.