India’s defense capabilities are set for a significant upgrade with the anticipated commissioning of the INS Aridhaman, the third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) scheduled for early 2026. Facing delays due to the complexities of integrating advanced systems, the 7,000-tonne vessel, a part of the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project, will enhance India’s sea-based nuclear deterrence, bolstering its no-first-use policy amid rising maritime tensions in the Indo-Pacific. Concurrently, the Indian Navy is advancing Project-77, aimed at developing six nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs), equipped with a next-generation sonar system under development by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). This new sonar suite aims to surpass the capabilities of the existing USHUS-2 system, providing superior detection and tracking of underwater threats, crucial for anti-submarine warfare and intelligence operations. The integration of indigenous technology aligns with India’s self-reliance goals and positions it to export advanced defense equipment. These developments reflect India’s commitment to enhancing its maritime strength and ensuring robust deterrence in a complex regional security environment, ultimately contributing to national security and stability in the Indian Ocean Region.