Russian hackers have conducted a sustained cyber campaign targeting Poland’s critical infrastructure, including hospitals and the water supply systems of one of its ten largest cities. Between 20 and 50 daily cyberattacks have been reported, with some breaches leading to temporary hospital closures and theft of sensitive medical data, as well as attempts to disrupt urban water flows that were narrowly averted. These attacks form part of a hybrid warfare strategy coinciding with drone incursions into Polish airspace in early September 2025, heightening national security concerns. In response, Poland has increased its cybersecurity budget to €1 billion for 2025, allocating €80 million specifically for water system defenses. This wave of attacks also included disruption attempts on hydroelectric plants. The Polish government has successfully blocked the majority of attempts but acknowledges ongoing vulnerabilities amid heightened tensions with Russia.