Russia has proposed local production of the advanced AL-41 engine for India’s Sukhoi Su-30MKI fleet, enhancing performance and aligning with India’s defense modernization goals under the Make in India initiative. The upgrade, which includes advanced avionics and weapons, is part of a ₹66,829 crore initiative aimed at improving the IAF’s capabilities against regional threats, particularly from China. While the AL-41 engine offers significant performance benefits, India is considering cost, integration timelines, and geopolitical risks, especially concerning U.S. sanctions. Alternatives like the improved AL-31FP and the Product 177S engine are being weighed to ensure a balance between technological advancements and self-reliance objectives.