The Indian Navy is poised to significantly bolster its sea-based nuclear deterrence with the commissioning of INS Aridhaman, its third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), by the end of 2025. Launched in November 2021 as part of the Arihant-class program, INS Aridhaman has undergone nearly three years of rigorous sea trials, ensuring the submarine meets the navy’s stringent standards for stealth, propulsion, and missile deployment. Weighing over 7,000 tonnes and featuring a 10-meter longer hull than its predecessors, this advanced S4-class vessel boasts eight vertical launch system tubes, doubling the missile capacity of earlier boats and enabling it to carry up to 24 K-15 missiles or eight K-4 missiles. Powered by an upgraded 83 MW pressurized water reactor, Aridhaman offers improved stealth and operational endurance. With an indigenous content of around 70%, the submarine highlights India’s progress in self-reliance and advanced maritime technology. The induction of INS Aridhaman, following last year’s commissioning of INS Arighaat, marks a crucial step in strengthening India’s second-strike capability, particularly amid rising security challenges in the Indo-Pacific region.