On December 13, 2025, the Congress party criticized Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government for India’s exclusion from the US-led Pax Silica initiative, launched on December 12 to secure a resilient silicon supply chain—from critical minerals to AI infrastructure—countering Chinese dominance, with partners including Japan, South Korea, Singapore, the Netherlands, UK, Israel, UAE, and Australia, but notably omitting India despite QUAD ties. Congress general secretary Jairam Ramesh attributed this to strained Trump-Modi relations since May 10, 2025, calling it a missed opportunity that undermines India’s strategic tech interests, especially after Modi’s recent phone call with President Trump discussing bilateral economic ties. From an Indian perspective, the snub underscores the need for self-reliant supply chains amid global shifts, as New Delhi advances its own AI initiatives like the upcoming India-AI Impact Summit.