India’s Chief of Defence Staff, General Anil Chauhan, on August 7, 2025, officially released the declassified Joint Doctrine for Cyberspace Operations alongside the Joint Doctrine for Amphibious Operations, marking a decisive step to integrate offensive and defensive cyber capabilities across the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The doctrine lays out a unified framework emphasizing real-time intelligence sharing, threat-informed planning, resilience building, and synchronized tri-service cyber operations. It addresses challenges like attacker anonymity and rapidly evolving cyber threats while upholding legal and ethical standards. However, implementation faces significant hurdles, including deep-rooted service-specific cultures, uneven resource allocation, and limited operational authority within the Defence Cyber Agency, compounded by India’s acute cybersecurity talent shortage, estimated at over one million professionals. Bridging civil-military cooperation is also critical, as much of India’s critical infrastructure is operated by the private sector. Furthermore, building indigenous technological capabilities remains a long-term challenge owing to reliance on foreign technologies and the need for sustained R&D investment. Despite these barriers, the doctrine reflects India’s strategic commitment to modernize its defense posture amid rising hybrid warfare threats, underscoring the need for continued reforms, comprehensive resource allocation, and enhanced inter-agency coordination to realize operational readiness in cyberspace.